A+ Featured Student Alec Kane

We sat down with Alec Kane, a Friends Select School junior, who recently went through A+’s SAT prep course with stupendous results! Alec tested in March of 2019 and scored a 1500. That’s a 230-point leap from his original diagnostic score of 1270. Like many of our students, Alec was drawn to A+ based on positive recommendations from friends. He also followed in the footsteps of an older brother who had done test prep with us. A+: You’ve done an awesome job with your score! What do you feel was your biggest challenge? Alec: My biggest challenge was staying calm during testing. It’s not test anxiety exactly, but I tend to get keyed up. I’m so eager to get to the end that I just run through it without thinking. I never had a problem with time, but that was actually kind of one of the problems. I always finished with time left over that I could have used better. A+: What were some of the things you learned with A+ that you found most useful? Alec: I want to emphasize how much I appreciate how A+ has helped me. My tutor was great. He gave me confidence. He showed me testing strategies to help me focus. He taught me methods to approach questions and gave me tools to solve problems. He helped me to slow down. That’s what really worked for me—it wasn’t about the test content so much as getting familiar with and practicing the format of the test. A+: What is the best piece of advice you remember getting from your tutor? Alec: Well, there were three. Take your time. Show your work. Don’t try to do it in your head! A+: What are your future plans? Alec: I’ve already visited Northwestern and Georgetown Universities. I’m interested in studying political science or history—or law. My ultimate goal is a government career or Foreign Service. A: What advice do you have for students just starting their testing process? Alec: Trust yourself. Put in the work; it pays off. Have confidence—don’t worry! The more you worry, the worse shape you’ll be in for the test. Breathe and know that you’ll be fine no matter what happens! Congratulations and good luck to Alec! At A+ Test Prep and Tutoring, our focus is always on you. Our practices are based on the latest developments in educational theory and research. We have an excellent team of tutors who can help you with standardized testing, executive functioning, or achievement in any other school subject. If you would like more information, our Client Service Directors Anne Stanley and Susan Ware are available to answer questions and provide solutions. You may reach either of them by calling A+ Test Prep and Tutoring at 215-886-9188.

The One Thing to Do for What Is the Point of a Research Paper

<h1> The One Thing to Do for What Is the Point of a Research Paper </h1> <h2> The Argument About What Is the Point of a Research Paper </h2> <p>The cost of an exposition rides on the amount of exertion the author needs to apply. For example, a natural physicist or organic chemist will be educated about chromatography, so you essentially should underline the type of hardware and should not to clarify the procedure in detail.</p> <h2> What Is the Point of a Research Paper: No Longer a Mystery</h2> <p>The significant thing to recall at any examination paper is that it depends on an hourglass structure. A sublime diagram is effectively the most significant advance recorded as a hard copy an extraordinary paper. You must create a few scholarly papers over the span of a year. In rundown, this paper has provided a conversation on the fundamentals of composing an extraordinary research paper. </p> <p>All your assets must be refered to in a book index at the end of the paper. 1 propensity that is getting progressively normal, especially with online papers, is to join a reference to your paper on the last page. Finally, it has given some extra exhortation on the most proficient method to have the evaluation that you merit. </p> <p>Correct all blunders that you could spot and improve the all out evaluation of the paper as well as could be expected. Given that you have arranged a generally excellent structure for those segments of an exploration paper, the two techniques are similarly decent and it's a matter of inclination. This order is very useful. An inflexible arrangement should be utilized particularly in case you're required to turn in your framework. </p> <p>The assortment of classifications that you use is subject to the amount of data which you are endeavoring to cover. The rundown doesn't must have a visual cue design and an accentuation mark isn't at the finish of the sections. A run-in list, since the name alludes to, is incorporated as an individual from the general content. Recognize the essential classes. </p> <h2> Up in Arms About What Is the Point of a Research Paper? </h2> <p>The examine philosophy is a fundamental piece of the paper. In the event that you truly need to dazzle your instructor, you may even need to go over suggestions for extra research. Before composing the Dissertation Methodology part, the scientist should have a succinct thought of the different measures and methods of social event information. To think of a decent research technique, he should have the option to depict the distinctive research strategies utilized. </p> <p>When you form an exploration paper you e xpand upon what you think about the subject and make a purposeful endeavor to realize what specialists know. The end must be exceptionally significant for crowds. It is prescribed to search for the one which has a superb notoriety and offers top notch papers at entirely reasonable rates. As an end, our gathering of talented specialists likewise gives a last decision which will assist you with settling on a very much educated decision. </p> <h2> How to Choose What Is the Point of a Research Paper </h2> <p>Obviously, you'll have to pick your theme before you can start your exploration. Research papers should show an understudy's scholastic comprehension of a subject. Study Hacks has a marvelous article on the most proficient method to build a paper look into wiki. Welcome every one of your abilities to keep on this issue. </p> <p>An incredible research paper is basically a supported request about a particular subject. In case you're keen on your theme, finding out about it'll be increasingly pleasurable and you'll compose with expanded energy, so select your point attentively. The objective is to get familiar with the answer to an inquiry regarding a subject. You may discuss the issue on which you've dealt with during your exploration. </p> <h2> The Fundamentals of What Is the Point of a Research Paper Revealed</h2> <p>This strategy is valuable once you are dealing with an assortment of one of a kind issues that could be masterminded in a grouping of different courses in your paper. A layout is an arrangement of how you'll mastermind thoughts in the most really viable manner conceivable. Remember that changing parts of your work in the act of composing and evaluating is typical. </p> <p>The survey is going to show you anything you desire to comprehend and afterward you may put your buy unhesitatingly. The accompanying counsel will assist you with restricting your point decisions. </p>

9/11 Catastrophe In USA - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1298 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: 9/11 Essay Did you like this example? The event of 9/11 is a point in American history where we can point to as a change in Americas stance on international, national, and individual security. The basic definition of security is the state of being free from danger or threat. As a nation, this concept was put into question with the attack on American cities and citizens. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "9/11 Catastrophe In USA" essay for you Create order Because of this attack, internationally we have the war on terror, and nationally the creation of Homeland Security. With these efforts to feel secure from dangers and threats, security needs to have backing from an economic source and work in harmony to achieve the goals set forth to solve the issue of security.     Ã‚  Ã‚   The war on terror is a global campaign started by the United States after 9/11 to draw attention to terrorism and combat the actors of terrorist attacks. The war on terror can be international cooperation between nations to solve terrorism or a campaign that promotes islamophobia and encourages violence against these groups. With international cooperation, you see that the countries willing to work together were already allies or share similar ideologies. The theory of liberalism suggest that countries will work together because they have a common goal and that cooperation is more likely to deter violence and war. If countries that are working together already have an allies you are not deterring violence or war you are only gathering allies to fight your enemy. The theory of realism suggest that countries work in an anarchic system and that there will always be conflict between nations. Western nations see the ideals of Islam as a threat to their cultural and beliefs. T his issue of islamophobia intensifies the realist concept because the west has this exaggerate fear of Islamic states and Muslim people that is carried out in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflict. Internationally the war on terror was an American campaign meant to not only protect security physically by engaging in military conflict overseas, but culturally by wanting to protect western cultural norms especially American culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economically the war on terror would be an example of a soft and hard power. With the use of its large economy America was able to buy advanced military weaponry and fund military operations overseas to fight terrorism. Because, of the advantage of economic wealth compared to terrorist organizations lack of wealth, America was able to dismantle and decrease the size of terrorist organizations.   The United States would also implement executive orders and economic sanctions, while also getting rid of some sanctions. to deter the funding of these organization the Bush administration issued an executive order that would freeze the assets of named terrorist, terrorist groups, and fundraising organization.   By enforcing this executive order it cuts the terrorist group off from outside help and in turn weakens their ability to conduct terrorist attacks. With sanction the United States was willing to get rid of some or all of the economic sanctions that it put on countries to persuade them to join the war on terror. By doing this the United States used sanction as a carrot and sticks method. Should a country accept the offer they would be opening themselves up to the opportunity to engage in trade and boost their own economy. The Department of Homeland Security a cabinet under the Executive Branch was created after 9/11 to protect the American boarder, prevent domestic terrorism (terrorism committed on American soil), cyber security, disaster prevention and management, and lastly immigration and customs. Each of these issues were seen as a threat to American security. In terms of security, securing ones boarder should be one of the main focuses of a nation because free boarders allow anyone or nation to challenge not only your authority but your right as a sovereign nation. Should a nation challenge your sovereignty having a physical boarder allows front line protection. Securing the boarder is a priority of America because it boarders Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. Should Mexico or Canada decide to attack the United States the first places to come under attack would be the bordering states like New Mexico, Texas, and California. Another problem that America face domestically is immigration. America is one of the countries that has a high demand for immigration status and permits citizenship here. Immigrants are a big security risk because you can never truly know what their intentions are in your country; they may be here to start a new life away from persecution by their government or they may wish to harm American citizens. When you allow immigrants to live in your country you are taking the risk of putting your own people in danger to save another person who is not a citizen. Domestic terrorism is also a threat to American security because terrorism endanger the lives of civilians and are most often done to make a political statement. If the lives of citizens are in danger than not only is it a security issue it is an issue of power. On the side of economics Homeland Security would be seen as a hard power that enforces the soft sanctions and mandates that congress and the president passes. Homeland Security has many programs that are meant to disrupt the finances of terrorist like Cornerstone, National Bulk Cash Smuggling Center, Mass-Market Fraud, Project STAMP, and SEARCH Initiative.   The purpose of Cornerstone is to detect and close weaknesses within the U.S. financial, trade, and transportation section. If the United States closes these weaknesses it makes it harder for terrorist groups to receive money that would fund their terrorist activities, and receive weapons that are smuggled across borders. By doing this Homeland Security also has the opportunity to target key player in criminal organizations that fund these groups and provide them with products like drugs, weapons, and humans. If Homeland Security get rid of these criminal organizations it is basically killing the problem at it source because ter rorist groups cant function without an economical backing, just as the United States would not be able to function without its economic backing. To conclude the war on terror and the creation of Homeland Security is a result of terrorist Preserved threat to physical and cultural security. To combat the threat of terrorist America would create an overseas military campaign that targeted countries that had rich hotspots for terrorist activity. Through the use of asymmetric warfare America had the advantage of advanced technological weaponry, economical wealth, and backing from the international community. With advanced weapons like drones, fighter jets, and automatic guns America could target and eradicate terrorist groups and cells with efficiency and less time than combing the desserts by foot. With the economic advantage America doesnt have to rely on funding from an outside source and doesnt have the threat of their assets being frozen. Having backing from the international community would give America allies in their war on terror and allow them to operate in countries like Afghanistan and Iraq without actually declaring w ar on these states. The creation of Homeland Security would provide America would domestic security. This agency is tasked with protecting the boarders of America, the flow of immigration, and the securing of economical transaction. By securing the boarders of land, air and sea America is protecting it right to sovereignty from anyone person or group. Managing the flow of immigration is also important because it allow you to control who comes into your county and protect your citizens from threats that may wish to harm them. Protecting economical transaction is also important because you are cutting off the hand that feed terrorist and leaving them to starve and eventually die. Overall the war on terror and Homeland security are example of security and economics working in harm to solve a problem which is terrorism.

Term Paper Writing Service Reviews

<h1>Term Paper Writing Service Reviews</h1><p>Term paper composing administration audits are an absolute necessity read, yet they are by all account not the only key to effective composition. There are numerous devices and methods accessible for scholars so as to benefit as much as possible from their composing experience.</p><p></p><p>The author must comprehend the significance of exact data. The entirety of the significant subtleties in a report or article must be imparted precisely, with the goal that the peruser doesn't need to speculate something. The precision of data is typically one of the principal things that perusers notice about a bit of composing, and this is the reason an exact bit of composing must be cautiously selected.</p><p></p><p>Another significant device for the author is real data. Any bit of composing ought to contain precise realities, and that incorporates look into. Any essayist worth their s alt must be able to accumulate the right information and assemble it in a solid manner.</p><p></p><p>The capacity to compose compactly and effectively is likewise a significant ability, and authors must have the certainty and self-assurance to have the option to do this. Any essayist with a great deal of certainty can without much of a stretch persuade any peruser that the individual in question recognizes what the person is talking about.</p><p></p><p>Another part of composing that is indispensable to any profession is building up an individual proclamation. The individual proclamation is something that is typically the principal thing individuals will see about an applicant and is the reason for the best of surveys. The individual articulation is the purpose behind the suggestion and one must build up the certainty to realize the individual proclamation can remain all alone merits.</p><p></p><p>Research ought to consistently be remembered for any ongoing composed work, and scholars ought to do the essential research before presenting a venture. Data, for example, the proprietor of the property, the road address, the city, state, and postal division are significant snippets of data that ought to be looked into. Any essayist who doesn't inquire about their topic and consolidate these significant snippets of data isn't doing the correct research.</p><p></p><p>The author ought to likewise perceive the remarkable apparatus that is the web. There are numerous assets online to support the essayist, and numerous online business instruments, for example, email advertising and different types of article showcasing are accessible to enable the author to make a living.</p>

Free Essay Samples - Why They Should Be a Part of Your Essay Writing Process

<h1>Free Essay Samples - Why They Should Be a Part of Your Essay Writing Process</h1><p>When it comes to composing expositions, it tends to be a bit of overpowering attempting to concoct your own paper subjects. Be that as it may, exploiting free English paper tests can assist you with getting a head start in the creative cycle. In this article, I will turn out a portion of the many free example papers that are accessible on the Internet.</p><p></p><p>The first free exposition tests that I might want to go over originates from an organization called 'Goldmine'. For any individual who doesn't have the foggiest idea, Goldmine is a land site that has instruments for customers to look into properties for nothing. With regards to how to look into property for nothing, there are just a bunch of organizations out there that offer this sort of service.</p><p></p><p>The organization likewise offers a free assortment of administ rations, for example, free value examinations and free property postings for property searchers. With regards to getting a head start during the time spent research, this is an incredible spot to start. The following thing that I might want to discuss are the free article tests offered by 'Inkling.'</p><p></p><p>This site is an astonishing asset that is constantly refreshed. Something that makes this site stand apart is that it offers a lot of test exposition points for composing research papers. With regards to discovering great exposition subjects, a little practice is constantly an extraordinary idea.</p><p></p><p>If you're searching for more article tests that aren't free, at that point go to Google and type in 'free paper tests'. With such a large number of various sorts of exposition tests accessible on the Internet, it tends to be hard to limit the kind of data that you need to find out about. Nonetheless, by searching for good research papers, you can start to get a smart thought on what sorts of exposition subjects are offered online.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to becoming familiar with article tests, I need to give the organization that offers papers a tremendous measure of credit. While the examples themselves aren't free, they are certainly worth the cost. While I would suggest that you set aside a smidgen of effort to find out about the kinds of articles that are accessible on the web, they are unquestionably worth the price.</p><p></p><p>In a fundamental structure, you need to compose a postulation proclamation which gives your understudies a solid establishment of information. After this, you at that point continue to audit, sum up, and answer the exploration addresses that understudies have presented. At last, you wrap up your paper with a conclusion.</p><p></p><p>As you can see, these are a couple of the numerous sorts of art icle tests that are accessible on the Internet. While they aren't free, they absolutely aren't anyplace close to the expense of different kinds of composing. At long last, everything comes down to how much time you need to give to research.</p>

Getting Into the Right Research Paper Writing Course

Getting Into the Right Research Paper Writing CourseAfter a while, all academic courses will get boring, to say the least. If you find yourself bogged down in the prerequisites for a particular course, or you find yourself having difficulty understanding the concepts and theories that are being discussed within the various classes of your chosen area of study, the best solution is to take up a research paper writing course. There are many different kinds of education programs available, and it is your decision which one to choose for yourself.It can be very tempting to just pick a random course for yourself, because you have already decided that you want to pursue a career in your chosen field. However, you need to make sure that you get into the right course at the right time. Most students find themselves getting lost in their long list of choice subjects, so it is always advisable to do some research first.Good research can help you figure out which course is the right one for you . You will also find out what sort of experience you should expect once you enroll in the program. With the different types of programs on offer, it is important to make sure that you know what your options are before you begin the program. With research papers, you can use this information to help you decide on which one is the best fit for you.Research papers come in many different forms. The first one that comes to mind is a simple research paper consisting of a research topic question. On this type of paper, you would place a short outline of your research idea and write a single paragraph describing your own perspective and opinion as a student or as a fellow researcher.The next form of research paper is a more complicated one, with an argument for the relevance of the topic that you have chosen to research. You will need to introduce some supporting facts and figures in your essay, as well as briefly explaining the methodology that you use in your research.Research paper writi ng course The most complex type of research paper is probably the dissertation, which will require a research plan and analysis. The research plan will include the research methodology, as well as the research topic that you intend to research. Analysis of the research plan will include looking at the methods used by other researchers to create similar research projects.When you enroll in a research paper writing course, you will find out that it is a rewarding experience, not only for the completion of the assignment, but also for the satisfaction of researching your topic. Of course, you will also find out that it is very difficult to find the right course for yourself, so you will have to research and evaluate a number of different programs. This way, you will ensure that you are enrolled in the right program at the right time.

The Unconscious Theories Of Personality Development

The Unconscious There are as many theories of the effects of unconscious motivations to behavior as there are general theories of personality. Some theorists, such as Freud, consider the unconscious at the very least highly influential, if not the sole motivating force behind personality development. Unconscious motivations have been linked to genetic predispositions, and up to 50% of variances can be linked to genetics (Bleidorn et al., 2014). Psychodynamic theories are often considered to hold intellectual rights to the idea of the unconscious mind (Kihlstrom, 2008). Though he did not discover the unconscious, Sigmund Freud originally hypothesized three systems that he referred to as the conscious mind, the preconscious mind, and the unconscious mind; consciousness s linked to the senses, preconscious contains information that is in hibernation but can be accessed by the conscious in certain situations, and the unconscious is always unavailable to the conscious mind (Kihlstrom, 2008). Freud referred to these portions of the mind as the id (unconscious), ego (conscious), and superego (preconscious); the id working independently of the others, and the superego attempting to filter the wants of the id before the information reached the ego (Kihlstrom, 2008). Much research has taken place to reconcile the idea of the unconscious, and while unconscious influence has been shown to exist, there has been no empirical evidence to suggest that the unconscious is exclusivelyShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Psychoanalysis On The Unconscious Phases Of Personality Development1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe theory of Psychoanalysis In the early 1800s, Psychologist and researchers were fervent in postulating and hypothesizing. Searching earnestly for answers to the many questions that were prevalent in those days. The theory of Psychoanalysis was one of such theory that was founded. Psychoanalysis emphases on the unconscious phases of personality development. The main tenets of this theory are characterized into four subsections. Firstly, it states that early childhood experiences are important inRead MoreTenants Of Personality Theories And The Bible1274 Words   |  6 PagesTenants of Personality Theories and the Bible Christy Blackmon Liberty University PSYC 341 Abstract This is cumulative research of related resources pertaining to personality and articles that explore the foundations and progression of personality with reflections of Biblical input. Research into the ideas that form the foundation of personality include; nature versus nurture, the unconscious, and view of self and studies into the progression of personality including; development, motivationRead MorePersonality Theory Is A Complex Process That Can Be Influenced By Many Factors1746 Words   |  7 Pages Personality theory is a complex process that can be influenced by many factors. There are a few factors by which psychologist seem to measure how people adjust and adapt their personality. These factors are nature versus nurture, the unconscious, view of self, development, motivation, and maturation. Each one of these factors has their own distinguishable elements that when factored with personality can have different effects on personality development. These factors will be dis cussed in differentRead MoreThe Theories Of Personality Theories1124 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant theories regarding personality. Some of these theories are still relevant to our world today. These theories have helped form humans and they have also changed the way we think and the way we do things. There are many different forms of personality theories that have shaped the world for us: Biological, Behavioral, Psychodynamic, Humanist, Trait, etc. Biological theories are based on genetics and they believe that genetics are responsible for personality. Behavioral theories suggest thatRead MoreCritique Of Carl Jung s Theory Of The Collective Unconscious1103 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Analytical Theory of Carl Jung. Do not complete a Theory Template for this theorist. Instead complete the following discussion questions: 1. Explain the Jungian concept of the collective unconscious. Ans: Among Jung s numerous hypotheses is the collective unconscious. The collective unconscious has been portrayed as the storage facility of inactive memory follows acquired from the past that incline individuals to respond to the world in specific ways. The collective unconscious rises aboveRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1678 Words   |  7 PagesNature Versus Nurture Personality development expands far past the environment. Environment contribute to most of the personality development when it comes to nature versus nurture. Nature versus nurture is a trait that is typically inherited in the human society. Humans see things good or bad within the environment and mimic it. There are questions that still remain about nature versus nurture and the environment. Research is still ongoing and theories are still being made or developed. ScientistsRead MoreFreudian Psychoanalysis As The Forerunner Of All Psychotherapeutic Methods979 Words   |  4 Pagestheorizes that all human behavior is influenced by early childhood experiences. Freud argues that human behavior is mostly unconscious and driven by conflicting desires, feelings, fears, and motives. The goal of psychoanalysis is to resolve intrapsychic conflict by bringing into conscious awareness the unconscious desires and motives of an individual. Through free association, the unconscious is mad e conscious, and unresolved conflict or anxiety is resolved. Psychoanalysis also seeks to challenge self-defeatingRead MorePsychodynamic Theory1560 Words   |  7 PagesPsychodynamic Theory Debate Janice Birdsong, Melissa Johnston, and Helene Torres Psy/405 November 10, 2014 Instructor Krasner Psychodynamic Theory Debate Jung and Klein, I think for the purpose of this debate we get a quick description of your theories. Klein, let us start with you. In my theory of object relation, we focus on the importance of the mother child relationship. My theory was built on my interpretations of childhood during the first four to six months where most children beginRead MoreThe Psychodynamic And Humanistic Theory Of Personality1557 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality is from the Latin word ‘persona’, which is referred to as roles we adopt and play. However, psychologist and personality theorist argue that the term is seen more than playing a role or roles that people tend to play. Therefore, personality theorists have not come to an overall agreeable single definition of personality. This essay will compare and contrast the Psychodynamic and the Humanistic theory of personality. There are certainly major differences between the two theories of personalityRead MoreStructure and Functioning of the Personality in Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory1713 Words   |  7 PagesStructure and Functioning of the Personality in Freudian Psych oanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud, as the creator of psychoanalytic theory, has begun his career as a neurologist, treating patients with hypnosis to cure hysteria. Because it had almost no affect on curing the patient, he discovered the method of free association, in which patients say whatever comes to their mind. By listening and noticing what patients were saying, he found some similarities in their memories

Cultural barriers free essay sample

Differences in race, sex, religious beliefs, lifestyle and sexual orientation are among many cultural differences that may affect how people communicate in the workplace. Resolving communications problems caused by cultural differences requires patience, understanding and respect. A major mistake is forming opinions before even engaging in communications. Opinions reached before an opportunity to discuss the matter makes resolving conflict difficult. Besides the obvious difficulty in understanding people whose language is different; there are other factors that challenge people who are trying to work harmoniously with others of a different background. People from different parts of the world have a different frame of reference, and they may display emotions differently and display different behaviors. Findings Language Barriers Language is a very complex thing, and communication between people speaking different languages is difficult. Language is a way of looking at the world, and even skilled translators can find it tricky to convey complex emotions and concepts, which can lead to misunderstandings. When you think about how often you misunderstand someone speaking your language, you can imagine how hard it is to get the full meaning from something a person with a different cultural background is saying to you. Hostile Stereotypes Inaccurate and hostile stereotypes of people from other places can be a barrier to communication in the workplace. Stereotypes are assumptions people make about the traits of members of a group. For example, a stereotypical American is thought to be impatient and arrogant as well as friendly and tolerant. The danger is entertaining stereotypes is that an individual is thought to possess characteristics that are ascribed to the group. Obviously, not all Americans are impatient and arrogant, nor are they all friendly and tolerant. Prejudging an individual can lead to misconceptions and barriers to communication. Behavior Differences Behavioral differences between employees of different cultures can cause misunderstandings. Every culture has guidelines about what is considered appropriate behavior. In some cultures, looking someone in the eye when they are talking to you is considered rude, while in other cultures refraining from doing so is considered disrespectful. Getting right to the point at a business meeting may be considered impolite by some, who expect to have small talk before the business discussion. Likewise, in some cultures, people talking to each other give each other space, while in other cultures, they stand close. These differences can be barriers to effective communication if they are not recognized. Emotional Display What is considered an appropriate display of emotion can differ from culture to culture. In some countries, displaying anger, fear or frustration in the workplace is considered inappropriate in a business setting. People from these cultures keep their emotions hidden and only discuss the factual aspects of the situation. In other cultures, participants in a discussion are expected to reveal their emotions. You can imagine what misunderstandings can arise if a businessperson displays strong emotion in the company of employees who feel that such behavior is out of place. Communication Challenges Cultural and language differences can hinder effective communication. Workers who are not fluent in the primary language used in the workplace may have difficulty expressing their needs or responding to requests from colleagues. If their job involves customer contact, they may have difficulty understanding a customer inquiry and provide incorrect or misleading information. A customer who is unable to clearly understand the worker due to a heavy accent or lack of command of the language may become frustrated and take his business elsewhere. Employee Resistance If an organization is attempting to convert from a homogeneous workforce to one that is more culturally diverse, some members of the original workforce may resist the change. They may be unwilling or unable to adapt to the ways of workers from different cultural backgrounds than their own and may even resent their presence. For management, resistance poses a significant challenge to creating a work environment that fosters teamwork and harmony, and employee morale may suffer if management cannot find ways to overcome this barrier. Development of Cliques A diverse workforce could lead to the formation of cliques where workers of similar cultural backgrounds or who speak the same primary language bond together. Individuals may have little social interaction with those outside of their clique, engaging them only out of business necessity. In culturally integrated work groups, some members may choose to speak their primary language with each other instead of the primary workplace language, leaving others to feel they are being excluded from the conversation. Management Style Managers may face the obstacle of having to adapt their management style to meet the needs of workers from a different culture. Workers from Latin American countries, for instance, often believe that asking questions of a supervisor are a sign of disrespect and that they should simply do as they are told. A supervisor who implements an open-door policy may become frustrated with the lack of input from these workers and have to take steps to convince them that their suggestions are encouraged and valued. Discussions Differences in race, sex, religious beliefs, lifestyle and sexual orientation are among many cultural differences that may affect how people communicate in the workplace. Resolving communications problems caused by cultural differences requires patience, understanding and respect. A major mistake is forming opinions before even engaging in communications. Opinions reached before an opportunity to discuss the matter makes resolving conflict difficult. Respect Treating people as individuals regardless of culture is sometimes a key to resolving communication issues. For example, it is improper to assume that a woman takes a certain position on a subject because she is a woman. Such generalizations can cause conflict in communication. Not all people who are members of the same culture will react to communication in the same way or offer the same opinion on a subject. However, it is true that cultural backgrounds may affect how people act, behave and communicate. But that does not mean people of a certain culture will all communicate or react to events in the same way. Knowledge Learning more about other lifestyles and cultures helps people avoid conflict in communication, particularly in multicultural settings. Information on cultural awareness is widely available in books at public libraries. Open and honest discussions about cultural differences with friends and colleagues are helpful as well. Learning more about cultural differences helps avoid jumping to unfair or wrong assumptions about a person’s statements or other communication efforts. Blame Conflict in communications between cultures also is avoidable when all parties resist assigning blame. Two companies merging staffs in a business transaction may have different styles of managing and working. Putting the teams together can cause an immediate clash of cultures, with problems intensified if both sides always blame the other for problems and breakdown in communication. Simply placing the blame on others is not constructive and can make communication problems worse. Listening Skills Focusing on listening well with an open mind also helps resolve cultural communications problems. Paying close attention to words used in a conversation or other form of communication can help resolve these problems. It’s also important to pay attention to the context of the discussion and the tone of the communication. Conclusion Recommendations Learning how to confront cultural barriers to communication is important in the workplace as well as personal life. Diversity is commonplace, and it can cause barriers to communication, but confronting these cultural barriers can have a positive impact on your life. The best way to confront barriers in an awkward intercultural experience is to talk, ask questions, and listen. By asking questions and patiently listening you are actively engaging and showing respect for cultural differences. In order to confront barriers in communication you must talk, ask questions, and listen. It is also important to think before you speak and act. If there is an awkward situation you do not want to make it more awkward by doing or saying something out of bounds. If you are unaware of another’s cultural differences it is easy to mistakenly offend someone. Remaining silent gives you time to think; it also prevents miscommunication . If you think about the way you say things, the things you say will be more effective in confronting cultural barriers to communication. Another important way to make awkward situations easier is to try to use examples to express ideas. I like drawing pictures to illustrate ideas and points. This is especially helpful when you do not speak a common language with someone. This allows you to clarify what you are trying to say and make sure there is no miscommunication. Reiterating what someone has said to you is another way to avoid awkward miscommunications and conflicts. Repeating what you think you heard is a good way to clarify. You do not want to act on miscommunication. When someone sees that you are reiterating what they have said to make sure you heard correctly, they understand that you are being respectful and trying to communicate successfully. There are several ways to confront cultural barriers to communication. Simply being respectful by being quiet may be a good idea, but it is also important to ask questions when you are confused and do not want to be offensive. If you are expressing that you are unaware of someone else’s culture, but you are interested in understanding this will show your desire to communicate. This is also good because it shows that you do not know and do not mean offense. When you confront cultural barriers to communication you are expressing your desire to communicate and this is the first step to confronting diversity barriers. References The Multi-Generational Workforce in the Health Care Industry and Human Resources Managers Appraisal Schemes. Author: Ruth Mayhew University of Utah: Examining Gender Differences in Technology Acceptance by Arabian Workers: A Survey Study,Author Chris Joseph The Multicultural Advantage; Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges and Solutions; Josh Greenberg